Types of Cancer Immunotherapy

Oncolytic viruses are a unique class of viruses capable of destroying cancer cells while avoiding damage to healthy tissues. Although research on this treatment began in the 1960s, clinical application only became feasible in recent years. Today, oncolytic viruses are among the most promising and actively researched approaches in cancer immunotherapy. How Do Oncolytic Viruses…

What Are Anti-Cancer Vaccines? Cancer vaccines are designed to activate the immune system’s response to the presence of cancer cells. Therefore, they are considered to be a form of immunotherapy.   The goal of cancer vaccines is to activate the adaptive immune function, so that it can recognize cancerous cells as “non-self”, triggering an attack response…

The use of Allogeneic Targeted Activated Cancer Killer cells (ATACK method) is designed to induce an effective ATTACK against cancer cells. It is based on the use of intentionally mismatched killer cells, including both T cells, NK cells and NKT cells, targeted preferentially against cancer cells that may have failed to respond to conventional anti-cancer…

Coley’s toxin is named after William Coley, the surgical oncologist who kick-started the field of modern anti-cancer immunotherapy. Renewed interest in Coley’s toxin has now re-emerged at Biotherapy International due to their potential applications in the development of personalized anti-cancer vaccines. History of Coley’s Toxins Dr William B Coley was a surgical oncologist at the…

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a relatively new form of anti-cancer therapy. Rather than targeting specific cancer cells, the monoclonal antibodies currently available — called immune checkpoint inhibitors — target cells that suppress the potential response of a patient’s lymphocytes against cancer, and will stop some of the known mechanisms that normally turn off immune responses. In…

Cancer cells tend to develop mutations and resistance against available anti-cancer modalities, both spontaneously or as a response to chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or radiation therapy. Therefore, the optimal way to attack  cancer can be accomplished by the synergistic combination of different anti-cancer agents that complement each other. The more treatments combined, the better, as it…

Monoclonal antibodies are a customized method used to provide targeted therapy against cancer. Ideally, monoclonal antibodies can then attach themselves to specific cell-surface antigen and trigger an immune response selectively against them, without harming any of the surrounding cells. But how can these artificial antibodies achieve this? And how safe is this? Antibodies, Acquired Immunity…

Anti-angiogenic treatments are treatments designed to prevent the growth of cancerous tumors,  or to destroy the blood vessels that are responsible for their blood supply, or that of cancer metastases.  Rapid growth of cancer cells depends on adequate blood supply, as it is considered that tumor cells cannot grow larger than 1 or 2 millimetres…

The practice of conditioning refers to administering immunosuppressive agents or low-dose chemotherapeutic agent as part of anti-cancer immunotherapy procedures, before the activation of the patient’s immune system or the administration of activated donor lymphocytes. However, it should be noted that chemotherapy can induce both mild anti-cancer cytotoxicity, suppress some negative regulators of the immune system,…

The immune response is the one that helps the body react against foreign invasions by recognizing “non self” elements, such as proteins, viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites or foreign cells (in the case of bone marrow or organ transplantation), and tries to neutralize or reject them. When most of us think about immunity, we usually think…