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It is crucial for cancer patients to know whether their treatment has been successful . However, doctors hesitate to use the term ‘cure’ and often refer to a successful treatment as leading to ‘remission.’ In modern medical terminology, ‘complete remission’ means the tumor has disappeared, and ‘cure’ indicates that cancer has been in complete remission…

Dendritic cells play a crucial role in the functioning of the immune system, generating significant interest in their use as vaccines for cancer treatment. In the body, dendritic cells help the immune system identify cancer cells and direct T-lymphocytes to them, which typically kill cancer cells and prevent the development of oncological diseases. This process…

Over the past few decades, clinical practice has centered around three main types for cancer treatment: surgical removal of the tumor, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. All these methods are aimed at removing the tumor, reducing its size, or destroying cancer cells. Almost 90% of cancer patients reach the stage of minimal residual disease (MRD) after…

Treating brain tumors is one of medicine’s biggest challenges. Their surgical removal is often associated with a high risk of complications, as they may impair or damage a patient’s physical or cognitive abilities. In addition, many anti-cancer drugs do not pass through the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brain from various agents. This also greatly…

To date, cancer stem cells are known mainly to oncologists, although they are crucial in cancer therapy, the prognosis of the disease, and a patient’s chances of recovery. Sequencing the DNA of cancer stem cells from a patient’s tumor sample can provide important information about the patient’s disease, including the likelihood of developing metastases. Until…